Green nanotechnology has emerged as a promising approach for the sustainable synthesis of metal oxide nanomaterials using plant-derived biomolecules. In the present study, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were successfully synthesized through an eco-friendly route using extracts obtained from Rubus idaeus (red raspberry) leaves and fruits. The phytochemical constituents of the extracts served as natural reducing and stabilizing agents during nanoparticle formation. The synthesized materials were characterized using multiple analytical techniques including FTIR, UV–Visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). FTIR analysis confirmed the participation of plant-derived functional groups in the reduction and stabilization of ZnO nanoparticles, while UV–Visible spectra revealed characteristic absorption features associated with ZnO nanostructures. XRD patterns verified the formation of a hexagonal wurtzite crystalline phase with crystallite sizes ranging approximately from 15–35 nm depending on the plant extract used. SEM analysis demonstrated nanoscale particles with partially aggregated morphologies, with particle sizes estimated between 25–80 nm. Phytochemical screening indicated that raspberry leaves contained a richer composition of secondary metabolites compared with the fruit extract. Quantitative analysis also showed higher levels of total phenolic compounds and quercetin in the leaf extract. Biological investigations demonstrated that leaf-mediated ZnO nanocomposites exhibited stronger antimicrobial activity against tested bacterial strains and significant antioxidant capacity in hydrogen peroxide scavenging assays. Overall, the findings demonstrate that red raspberry plant materials represent effective biological resources for the green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles with promising biomedical and antioxidant applications. Keywords: Green synthesis, Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs), Rubus idaeus (Red raspberry), Antioxidant activity, and Antimicrobial activity
