This research explores the synthesis of low-cost adsorbent materials from waste materials for carbon dioxide (CO2) capture. Agricultural waste, including pomegranate peels, was used as a raw material to develop sustainable and efficient adsorbents. Two preparation methods were used: The first procedure, which includes hydrothermal and chemical processing, and the second procedure, which is based on chemical processing and high-temperature carbonization. The aim was to improve adsorption efficiency while reducing cost and environmental impact. The results showed that incorporation of biomass with inorganic waste material enhances adsorption through synergistic effects, improving surface properties and CO2 affinity. A comparison between the two procedures showed that the first procedure produced higher material yields and more stable properties, while the second procedure resulted in stronger carbonization but significantly lower yields. Energy consumption and process efficiency were also analysed, highlighting trade-offs between performance and cost, as well as determining the length of time the adsorbers need to operate to capture the required CO2. Overall, this study shows that waste-derived adsorbents offer a promising and environmentally friendly solution for CO2 capture, with potential applications in industrial processes aimed at reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Keywords: Adsorbent, CO2 capture, Hydrothermal, Carbonization, Agricultural waste.
