Sclerochorton haussknechtii Boiss., locally known as Leutea kurdistanica , is a rare and unique perennial herb belonging to the Apiaceae family. It represents the only record of its monotypic genus in the flora of Iraq, yet it remains significantly understudied globally. This study aims to conduct the first-ever scientific investigation of this species in Iraq to comprehensively document its morphological features, taxonomic position, anatomical structures, and preliminary phytochemical profile. Plant specimens were collected from Alana village near Choman in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Morphological features of the roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits were examined. For anatomical studies, stem and leaf sections of 5-15 µm thickness were prepared using a microtome, stained with Safranin, and observed under a light microscope. Additionally, phytochemical extraction was performed on powdered whole plant material using 70% ethanol and distilled water. The extracts were then subjected to qualitative phytochemical screening to detect bioactive compounds such as saponins, flavonoids, tannins, and alkaloids. Anatomical cross-sections of the stems and leaves clearly identified the epidermis, sclerenchyma, phloem, xylem, and pith tissues. Phytochemical screening revealed that the ethanolic extract yielded a higher number of bioactive compounds compared to the aqueous extract. Saponins and flavonoids were present in both extracts. In contrast, phlobatannins, cardiac glycosides, tannins, and phenolic compounds were exclusively detected in the ethanol extract. Compounds such as quinones, oxalates, amino acids, and alkaloids were absent in both. The study confirms the taxonomic placement of Sclerochorton haussknechtii Boiss within the Apiaceae family and highlights its ecological role as an Irano-Turanian endemic species adapted to the high-mountain calcareous scree slopes of the Zagros Mountains (a glareophyte). The presence of dense sclerenchyma tissue provides necessary mechanical support for its harsh environment. Pharmacologically, the rich presence of secondary metabolites—particularly saponins, flavonoids, tannins, and cardiac glycosides—suggests that the plant possesses strong antioxidant, antimicrobial, and potentially synergistic therapeutic properties, alongside functioning as a robust defense mechanism against herbivores and pathogens. This documentation paves the way for future botanical conservation and medicinal research. Keywords: Sclerochorton haussknechtii, Apiaceae, Anatomy, Morphology, Phytochemical screening.
